Immigration Executive Action Impact on the States: Missouri

The series of executive actions on immigration, which President Obama announced on November 20, 2014, promises to benefit the U.S. economy. Most, though not all, of these economic gains would flow from the two deferred action initiatives: Deferred Action for Parental Accountability (DAPA), which will grant temporary relief from deportation and work authorization to some unauthorized parents of U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents; and expanded Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), which offers the same relief to qualified young adults who were brought to the United States as children. This fact sheet provides a snapshot of what executive action will mean for Missouri, including the potential number of applicants for the deferred action initiatives, and the economic benefits DAPA and DACA will bring to the state. The fact sheet also provides background on the immigrant, Latino, and Asian population in Missouri and their current contributions to the state’s economy.

Estimates of the population eligible to participate in executive action programs vary, but represent only a small portion of the total number of immigrants in Missouri.

Estimates of the population eligible to participate in DAPA in Missouri range from 18,800, according to the Center for Migration Studies (CMS), to 20,000, according to the Migration Policy Institute (MPI).
Estimates of the population eligible to participate in DACA in Missouri range from 7,000, according to MPI, to 7,600, according to CMS.
Estimates of Missouri’s total unauthorized population range from 52,000 in 2013, according to CMS, 62,000, according to MPI, and 65,000 in 2012, according to the Pew Research Center.
In 2013, there were a total of 233,261 foreign-born persons in Missouri, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Executive action will help grow Missouri’s economy by over a billion dollars.

The White House Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) found that the executive action on immigration will grow the U.S. economy by $90 billion to $210 billion over the next 10 years. Given Missouri’s current share of the U.S. economy, CEA’s estimate implies that the actions will increase Missouri’s GDP by $1.5 billion to $3.5 billion over the next 10 years.
Enabling even a portion of Indiana’s undocumented immigrants, such as those potentially eligible for DACA and DAPA, would increase Missouri’s tax revenues by $27 million, over five years, and lead to a cascade of benefits, according to the Center for American Progress.

Executive action on immigration exists within a broader context in which immigrants, Latinos, and Asians contribute to Missouri.

Missouri has a growing immigrant population, many of whom are Latino or Asian. The foreign-born share of Missouri’s population rose from 1.6% in 1990, to 2.7% in 2000, to 3.9% in 2013, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. In 2013, 27.8% of Missouri’s foreign-born population was of Latino origin and 31% of the state’s foreign-born were Asian.
The vast majority of children with immigrant parents are U.S. citizens. In 2009, 84% of Missouri children with immigrant parents were U.S. citizens, according to data from the Urban Institute. In 2009, 88.7% of children in Asian families in Missouri were U.S. citizens, as were 91.2% of children in Latino families.
The purchasing power of Latinos and Asians in Missouri has grown substantially over the past 25 years. The 2012 purchasing power of Latinos in Missouri totaled $4.9 billion—an increase of 574.7% since 1990. Asian buying power totaled $4.9 billion—an increase of 684% since 1990, according to the Selig Center for Economic Growth at the University of Georgia.
Latino- and Asian-owned businesses are contributing to the state’s economy, including by creating jobs. Missouri’s 6,178 Latino-owned businesses had sales and receipts of $1.4 billion and employed 9,520 people in 2007, the last year for which data is available. The state’s 9,752 Asian-owned businesses had sales and receipts of $3.7 billion and employed 25,336 people in 2007, according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Survey of Business Owners. In 2010, 4.6 percent of all business owners in Missouri were foreign-born.
Unauthorized immigrants are paying millions of dollars in state and local taxes. Unauthorized immigrants in Missouri paid $44 million in state and local taxes in 2010, including $31.7 million in sales taxes, $8.3 million in state income taxes, and $4.1 million in property taxes, according to data from the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy. Were unauthorized immigrants in Missouri to have legal status, they would pay $57.2 million in state and local taxes, including $33.5 million in sales taxes, $19.4 million in state income taxes, and $4.3 million in property taxes.
Deporting all unauthorized immigrants would adversely affect Missouri’s economy. If all unauthorized immigrants were removed from Missouri, the state would lose $2.3 billion in economic activity, $1 billion in gross state product, and approximately 13,859 jobs, even accounting for adequate market adjustment time, according to a report by the Perryman Group.